Skip to Main Content

Instructions for Written Work

Table of contents


The table of contents is placed after the abstracts and the possible foreword. The thesis template contains pre-formatted settings for the table of contents, and the table of contents can me updated as the writing of the text progresses. Figure and table lists can be updated in the same way as tables of contents.

The heading of the table of contents should be either TABLE OF CONTENTS or CONTENTS, after which the following headings appear unnumbered and in the following order: Abstract; Foreword; CONTENTS; Terms and Abbreviations; Tables, Figures and Pictures; Special Symbols. It is not necessary to use all of the above titles. Also other headings can be used when necessary. The main chapter headings should be in uppercase using font size 14, and the subheaders in capitalised lowercase in font size 12.

If the text includes only a few figures, pictures or tables, you do not need to mention them specifically in the table of contents or make a separate list of figures, pictures or tables. If, by contrast, there are lots of them in the text, list them separately on the page following the table of contents. The list should mention the number and heading, as well as page number of each figure, picture or table, e.g. "FIGURE 1. Figure name”, and page number. Similarly, you need not make a separate list of a bbreviations, special symbols and terms if there are only a few of them in the text.

The main body of the text is structured hierarchically as numbered chapters and sections. In the thesis template, the page number on which the chapter/section begins appears automatically in the table of contents. If you don not use the thesis template, give the page number on which the chapter/section begins for each heading separately. The table of contents assists the reader in perceiving the structure of the academic text, the correlation between the issues discussed, and the extent of each topic.

The headings of sections and subsections are indented consecutively under the preceding chapter or section heading in such a way that they begin under the first letter of the first word in the preceding heading (as formatted in the template).

There should be no single sections or subsections; i.e. if there is a section numbered 2.1, there must necessarily be another one numbered 2.2. In other words, there must be at least two sections at each level.

The bibliography and appendices are the last items in the table of  contents. These headings are not numbered. Their template style is Heading0. If you are not using the template, indicate the page number where the bibliography begins.

Accessibility Statement